Intshayelelo
Izakhiwo zetsimbi zenziwe kwisakhelo samathambo esineentsika ezithe nkqo, imiqadi ethe tyaba kunye nokunye okwenziwe kwizinto zetsimbi, i-riveted, i-welded okanye i-bolted kunye, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwigridi ye-rectilinear.Izakhiwo zentsimbi ziqhele ukusetyenziselwa indawo ephakathi kunye nephezulu, imizi-mveliso, indawo yokugcina impahla kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala.
Izinto ezilungileyo zezakhiwo zentsimbi ziquka:
Ukomelela kwiinyikima kunye nokulayishwa komoya.Ukulula ukwakhiwa kunye nokwakhiwa.Ixesha elifutshane lokwakha.Ukumelana nomlilo xa uphathwa.Inokusetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa nezinye iindidi zokwakha.Kulula ukudibanisa.Uchaneko oluphezulu.Ukwenziwa ngaphandle kwendawo.Imilinganiselo yamandla kubunzima kunye nokomelela ukuya kumthamo.Ivumela ispans ezinde ezicacileyo.Iintsika ezimxinwa.ICan mayenziwe ukuba avezwe
Iinkqubo zesakhiwo sentsimbi
Izinto eziphambili zezakhiwo zentsimbi zibandakanya iindonga, imigangatho, uphahla kunye namalungu e-bracing anokucwangciswa ukuba abe nohlobo oluthile lwenkqubo encedisa ukuzinza kwesakhiwo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo, indalo kunye nokuqina kwesicelo. imithwalo kunye nobomi boyilo obufunekayo
Ukwenziwa kwefreyim yodonga
Ukwakhiwa kweendonga zodonga kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kweendonga ze-masonry kwi-perimeter kunye nangaphakathi kwesakhiwo kunye namalungu entsimbi yesakhiwo emva koko agxininiswe kwiindonga ze-masonry esebenzisa iipleyiti zentsimbi kunye neengqungquthela ze-anchor.Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kodonga oluthwele isakhelo kuxhomekeke kubunzima bomthwalo kunye nomgama ophakathi kweenkxaso ezilandelelanayo.
Ngelixa imiqadi esezantsi inceda ukunyusa ubude obucacileyo be-headroom yesakhiwo nayo ibeka imfuneko yezithuba ezisondeleleneyo zeentsika kwaye ngenxa yoko imida indawo yomgangatho ocacileyo.Kwelinye icala imiqadi enzulu inceda ukuhamba umgama omde.
Ukwenza isakhelo samathambo
Lo ngumqolo-Inkqubo yesakhelo se-beam, apho yonke imithwalo yecala kunye ne-gravity idluliselwa kwisakhelo sentsimbi kwaye idluliselwe phantsi kwisiseko.Iindonga zenziwe njengodonga lwamakhethini ngaphandle kokuthwala umthwalo.Ukwakhiwa kweSkeleton ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya imiqadi ye-spandrel, imiqadi ephambili okanye ephambili, imiqadi ephakathi okanye eyesibini, iintsika zodonga kunye neentsika zangaphakathi kunye ne slab yekhonkrithi eyomeleziweyo.Kudibaniso lwe-eccentric phakathi kwekholamu kunye nemiqadi kukho iindlela ezininzi ezibandakanyekayo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwezibiyeli zetsimbi, iipleyiti zegusset kunye neehaunches ezinceda ukusasaza uxinzelelo olubangelwayo.I-Shims inceda ekwenzeni umgca kunye nohlengahlengiso lokuphakama.Izibiyeli ze-angle zeshelufa zinceda ekufakeni umqadi we-spandrel kunye nekholamu.
Ukuqulunqwa kwexesha elide
Ubude bexesha elide bubude obungaphezulu kwe-12m.Inceda ukubonelela ngendawo yomgangatho oguquguqukayo, ikholomu yeendawo zangaphakathi zamahhala, ukunciphisa ixesha lokwakhiwa kwendawo, ivumela ukufakwa kweenkonzo ezininzi kunye nokusetyenziswa okuxubileyo kweendawo.Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso, iiholo, iithiyetha, iindawo zemiboniso njalo njalo.
Kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo;iibhodi zestub, imiqadi ehlanganisiweyo exhonyiweyo, iitrasi ezihlanganisiweyo, i-cantilever suspensions spans, iipleyiti ezisongiweyo, iigridi ze-curvilinear, ii-shell shells domes, iinethiwekhi zentambo, iitrasi zesithuba, iifreyimu ze-portal njalo njalo.
Ababhinqileyo
Le yimiqadi yentsimbi enzulu enceda ukuhamba imigama emide.Ubude obude buxhomekeke kwibakala lentsimbi yentsimbi kunye nomlinganiselo wobunzulu be-span.Iibhanti zifakwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kukho izibophelelo ze-stub ezithatha ixesha elide kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezidityaniswe kwiibhanti eziphambili kunye neebhanti ezixubileyo ezi zibhanti ezilawulwayo eziqiniswe ukuthwala umthamo ophezulu wemithwalo ngokongezwa kwamalungu adityanisiweyo phezulu nasezantsi. iiflange.
Iitrasi
Iitrasi zinenzuzo yokuhamba imigama emide ngenxa yobunzulu obukhulu ezinazo zibenza baqine ngokuchasene nokutenxa.Iindidi zeetrasi ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwexesha elide ziquka i-Pratt trusses, i-Warren Trusses, i-Fink Trusses, i-Scissors, i-Bow String kunye ne-Vierendeel Trusses.Ngolwazi oluthe kratya jonga: Truss.
Ezi fom ze-truss zinokusetyenziswa njengamalungu angundoqo axhasayo kwisakhiwo somgangatho kunye nophahla.
Izakhelo eziqinileyo
Iqondo lokuqina kwimidibaniso ye-beam-kholamu kufuneka ihlalutywe ngononophelo.Kwizakhelo eziqinileyo uqhagamshelwano luyilelwe ukuba luthwale umzuzu wokugoba kunye namandla okucheba.Ziyilwe njengezakhelo eziqhubekayo ezigcweleyo kubo bonke ubude kunye nobude ngokungabikho kweehenjisi okanye izikhonkwane kwizithsaba naphakathi kobude.
Iziseko ezinkulu eziqinileyo zinceda ukuthwala kunye nokusabalalisa umzuzu kunye nokucheba emhlabeni.Ngenxa yezizathu zoqoqosho iimeko zomhlaba kufuneka zihlolwe njengoko kunokukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu zeziseko kwiimeko ezimbi zangaphantsi komhlaba.
IiArches
Ii-arches zingenziwa njengee-arches eziqinileyo okanye ii-arches zewebhu ezivulekileyo, ezintathu ezixhomekeke kwiihenjisi, ezimbini ezixhomekeke okanye ezisisigxina.Oku kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezixhobo zokwakha eziza kusetyenziswa, amandla okuqina, i-anchorage, ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo, uhlobo lwesiseko kunye neemeko zokulayisha.
I-arch emithathu enehinged inokunceda ukuhamba imigama emide nangona kukho iimeko ezimbi ezifana nemozulu embi, izakhiwo ezinomthwalo onzima njalo njalo.Iiarches ezimbini eziphiniweyo azomelelanga kangako xa zithelekiswa nezakhiwo ezintathu ezinehenjisi.Ii-arches ezilungisiweyo zisetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezinemithwalo elula kunye neemeko ezintle zomhlaba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-28-2022