Isiseko,
Kubhekiselele kwilungu elithwele umthwalo ophantsi kwesakhiwo esidibanisa nesiseko, ngokuthe ngqo ukudibanisa nesiseko sokwandiswa okuphantsi kwesakhiwo esisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa imithwalo.Umsebenzi wayo kukudlulisa umthwalo ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu yesakhiwo ukuya kwisiseko.Ngoko ke isiseko kufuneka siqine, sizinze kwaye sithembeke.Ilungu lesakhiwo esingaphantsi komgangatho ophantsi osetyenziselwa ukudlulisa imithwalo ye-superstructure kwiziseko.
Okwesibini, i-built-in
Civil okanye uqhele ukwenza ngexesha lesiseko, ukwenzela ukuba kamva ufakelo isakhiwo okanye isixhobo ilungele, kwisiseko kwangaphambili xa usenza inxalenye esisiseko yesiseko isixhobo, okanye ibholiti iankile, okanye kwisakhiwo intsimbi encedisayo kuqala ukubeka esi siseko emva kokufika esiphelweni, ngokulula uya ke izixhobo elimisiweyo kwibhodi embekelweyo okanye iindawo embekelweyo, ezixhaphake kakhulu kubunjineli.
Ezintathu, iintsika
Kulwakhiwo lobunjineli, ubukhulu becala uxinzelelo lwebhere, ngamanye amaxesha nalo luthwele umzuzu wokugoba intonga ethe nkqo, esetyenziselwa ukuxhasa imiqadi, iitrasi, imigangatho, njl. njl. -ikholamu emile okwe-T, ikholamu emile okwe-L, ikholamu enqamlezileyo, ikholamu ephindwe kabini, ikholamu yelathiyisi;Ikholomu yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesakhiwo, ukutshatyalaliswa kwekholomu kuya kubangela umonakalo kunye nokuwa kwesakhiwo sonke.
Ikholamu ezimeleyo iphantsi kolwakhiwo, iintsika zokunciphisa umthwalo wesakhiwo esingaphezulu okwandisa uzinzo lweentsika zesakhiwo sodonga lwesakhiwo, ikholamu yomoya wegable, njengoko igama libonisa, umphumo oyintloko womoya, kodwa unempembelelo ye-anti vibration kunye nokomeleza ukuzinza, kunye ne-gable do udonga lwe-monolithic luphezulu kakhulu, ukuqinisa ukuzinza kunye nomthwalo womoya / wokuzamazama komhlaba, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukungazinzi kwee-gables.Ikholomu yesakhelo kunye nekholomu ezimeleyo yintsika yesakhiwo esinomthwalo, ikholomu yesakhelo isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwesakhelo okanye isakhelo sesakhelo esiyingxenye yekholamu yesakhiwo, ngokusebenzisa umqadi wesakhelo kunye nomqadi oqhubekayo odibeneyo kunye.
Isine, inkxaso yekholamu
1. Indima yenkxaso yekholomu: ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza okupheleleyo kunye nokuqina kwe-longitudinal ye-plant skeleton;Njengenkxaso esecaleni yekholomu ukumisela ubude obaliweyo bekholomu ngaphandle kweplani yesakhelo;Thatha umthwalo othe nkqo othe nkqo ukusuka kumzi-mveliso, ubukhulu becala ngumthwalo womoya
Umgaqo woyilo: umgaqo wenkxaso eguquguqukayo kukuba intsimbi ejikelezileyo kufuneka igxininiswe (iqondo lokunyanzeliswa kwentsimbi ejikelezayo lixhomekeke kubunzima obuthile ngaphandle kwendiza), ukwenzela ukuba ikwazi ukuhambisa ngokwenene amandla obude obude, ngokuqinisekileyo. , ukuba ayinakunyanzeliswa, oku kuya kuchaphazela ukuqina okupheleleyo kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo;Ngokubhekiselele kwiinkxaso ezininzi kwiyunithi yesakhiwo, egqitywe yi-longitudinal force horizontal, i-diameter yebar yentsimbi kunye nomgaqo-siseko;Ubungakanani bentsimbi ejikelezileyo bunqunywe ngumthwalo owenziwe ngenkxaso.Kucacile ukuba inkcazo ayinamda kwi-slenderness ratio yentsimbi ejikelezayo ejikelezayo (akukho mfuneko yokujonga umlinganiselo we-slenderness, nje ukuba umthamo we-tensile uhlangabezana neemfuno)
Zintlanu, umqa
Ukuxhaswa ngenkxaso, amandla angaphandle ngamandla asecaleni kunye ne-shear force, kwaye icandelo eliphambili lokuguqulwa libizwa ngokuba yi-beam.
1. Ngokomsebenzi, kukho imiqadi yesakhiwo, enjengomqadi wesiseko kunye nomqadi wesakhelo (umqadi wesakhelo (KL) ubhekisa kumqadi oqhagamshelwe kwikholamu yesakhelo (KZ) kuzo zombini iziphelo, okanye umqadi odityaniswe nodonga lokucheba. kuzo zombini iziphelo kodwa ngomlinganiselo wobude obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-5m).Kwaye ezinye iinxalenye ezithe nkqo njengeentsika kunye neendonga ezithwele umthwalo kunye zenza inkqubo yesakhiwo sesithuba;Kukho imiqadi yesakhiwo, njengeentsimbi zendandatho, i-lintel, iiplanga ezidibanisayo kunye nokunye, ukuchasana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuzinza kunye nezinye iziphumo zesakhiwo.Umqadi wonxibelelwano ngumqadi wonxibelelaniso phakathi kwamalungu olwakhiwo, indima kukwandisa imfezeko yesakhiwo.I-beam yokudibanisa isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa isakhelo esisodwa sokwandisa i-transverse okanye i-longitudinal yokuqina kwesakhiwo.Umqadi wokudibanisa awuyi kuthwala eminye imithwalo ngaphandle komthwalo wayo womxhuzulane kunye nomthwalo wokwahlula kwindawo ephezulu.
I-2, i-beam ngokwefom yecandelo, inokwahlulwa ibe: i-beam yecandelo loxande, i-T yecandelo le-T, i-cross section beam, i-I-shaped section beam, i-U, i-beam yecandelo elingaqhelekanga.
3, umqadi ngokuhambelana neendawo zayo ezahlukeneyo zendlu, zinokwahlulwa zibe: umqadi wophahla, umqadi womgangatho, umqadi ophantsi komhlaba, umqadi wesiseko.(I-Roof beam ibhekiselele kwilungu eliphambili lesakhiwo kwisakhiwo sophahla esithwala uxinzelelo oluvela kwii-purlins kunye neepaneli zophahla.)
Isithandathu, i-purlin
I-purlin engundoqo ifakwe eluphahleni kunye nemiqadi yekholamu yesakhiwo eludongeni lwangaphandle, kwaye i-purlin yesibini isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa uphahla kunye neepaneli zodonga lwangaphandle kwisakhiwo sesiseko.Uhlobo lwe-C / Z lwensimbi lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo zesakhiwo sensimbi zanamhlanje.Ii-purlins zohlobo lwe-Z zisetyenziselwa ukwakha i-purlins, eneendawo ezingcono zangaphakathi ezixhasayo zesakhiwo sensimbi.I-purlins eziphambili zidibene nophahla kunye nemiqadi yekholamu yesakhiwo sodonga lwangaphandle, kwaye i-purlins yesibini isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa uphahla kunye neepaneli zodonga lwangaphandle kwisiseko sesiseko.
Zisixhenxe, purlin
Ekupheleni kwe-purlin exhaswa ngokulula okanye i-lap ye-purlin eqhubekayo, izibiyeli ze-purlin zinokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo i-purlin ekujikeni okanye ekujikeni kwinkxaso.Izibiyeli ze-Purlin zihlala zenziwe nge-Angle okanye iipleyiti zepleyiti ezineepleyiti ezithe nkqo malunga ne-3/4 yobude kwaye zibotshelelwe kwii-purlins.
Isibhozo, tsala
Ukuphuculwa kozinzo lwe-purlin.Intonga yokutsala ngokuqhelekileyo iyintsimbi engqukuva enobubanzi obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-10mm.Umzobo unxulumene nobude be-purlin.Xa ubude be-purlin bu-4m ~ 6m, kuyafaneleka ukuseta umzobo phakathi kobude be-purlin.Xa ubude bungaphezulu kwe-6m, umzobo kufuneka ubekwe kwisinye kwisithathu sobude be-purlin.Kuluhlu oluphezulu eludongeni kufuneka lubekwe kwintambo yokutsala kwikholomu yomthwalo okanye ikholomu yodonga;Xa umthwalo othe nkqo wepaneli yodonga ugqithiselwa emhlabeni okanye udibanise ngendlela ethembekileyo, umtya wokutsala awufuni.Imicu iya kudityaniswa nee-purlins eziqinileyo.Imicu ihlala ibekwe ngaphakathi kwe-1/3 yobude bewebhu yeflange ephezulu ye-purlin.
Isithoba, ukugoba idolo
I-Corner brace yi-pole yokuxhasa phakathi kwe-beam kunye nekholomu, i-beam kunye ne-purlin, ikholamu kunye ne-purlin kwikona yecala.Udonga lubizwa ngokuba yinkxaso yekona yodonga, uphahla lubizwa ngokuba yinkxaso yekona yophahla.
Indima: [1]: Ukuze uqinisekise ukuzinza ngaphandle kwendiza yecandelo, nciphisa ubude bokubala obungaphandle kwendiza yecandelo.Xa iinqununu zenkxaso ezisecaleni zifunekayo kwi-flange yangaphakathi yeepali kunye neentsika, ii-purlins okanye iindonga zodonga ezixhunyiwe kwi-flange yangaphandle zingasetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngeembombo zekona.Inkxaso yekona kufuneka yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-Angle enye kwaye yenzelwe ngokuhambelana namalungu e-axial compression.
[2]: Yenzelwe ukukhusela i-buckling kunye nokungazinzi kwe-compression flanges (ii-flanges ezisezantsi zemiqadi kunye ne-internal flanges of columns) kunye nokwandisa ukuzinza kwe-compression flanges.Iibrakethi zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwendawo ye-flange ephantsi ye-beam phantsi koxinzelelo.Ukuzinza kwendawo ye-flange ephezulu ye-beam kuqinisekiswa yi-purlins edityaniswe kuyo (isizathu: i-flange ephezulu ye-flange yindawo enqabileyo kwaye akukho ngxaki yozinzo jikelele. Kodwa ngenxa yobungakanani beengxaki ezinokuthi zibekho ;Kodwa ngokubanzi, imikhosi esecaleni ngenxa yokungazinzi kwendawo incinci. Ngoko ke, ii-purlins zingasetyenziswa njengelungu ukugcina i-flange izinzile.)
Shumi.Umqa weCrane
Umqadi osetyenziselwa ukulayisha ngokukodwa i-crane ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenzela ubizwa ngokuba yi-crane beam kwaye ifakwe ngokubanzi kwindawo ephezulu yeworkshop.
I-crane beam yindlela ye-crane, kwaye kukho umkhondo we-crane kwi-crane beam, kwaye i-crane ibaleka emva naphambili kwi-crane beam ngokusebenzisa umzila.Inxalenye yesiphambano sobhobhosi luhlobo lwebhokisi, i-welded kwaye yenziwe;Kukho kwakhona elula, kunye neprofayili ye-welding, i-concrete eqiniweyo ngokubanzi okanye isakhiwo sentsimbi.
Ishumi elinanye:Truss
Inqwelomoya okanye isakhiwo sesithuba esinemivalo ethe tye, edla ngokuba neempawu ezinxantathu.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo somthwalo, amalungu e-truss ngokuyinhloko athwala uxinzelelo lwe-axial okanye uxinzelelo, ukwenzela ukuba asebenzise ngokupheleleyo amandla ezinto eziphathekayo, asindise izinto eziphathekayo, anciphise ubunzima bokufa kunye nokwandisa ukuqina xa kuthelekiswa nomqadi wesisu esiqinileyo xa i-span inkulu.Ngoko ke, ifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezinkulu ezithwala imithwalo kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo.
Amandla aneleyo - akukho fracture okanye iplastiki deformation;Ukuqiniswa ngokwaneleyo - ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwe-elastic ngokugqithiseleyo;Ukuzinza okwaneleyo - akukho ukuwa ngenxa yokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kwindlela yokulinganisa;Iimpawu ezilungileyo eziguquguqukayo - i-seismic kunye nokumelana nomoya.Iimfuno zoyilo lwetruss: ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zentonga;Yiba nonxibelelwano oluhle, kubandakanywa i-rivets, izikhonkwane kunye ne-weld joints.
Ishumi elinesibini: Uphahla
Uphahla ngokuqhelekileyo lubandakanya umaleko ongangeni manzi, ibhodi yophahla, i-beam, imibhobho yezixhobo, uphahla, njl.
I-Roof iyona nxalenye ephezulu yemvulophu yesakhiwo, kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezihambelanayo zokusebenza, ukuze isakhiwo sinikeze indawo efanelekileyo yendawo yangaphakathi.
Imisebenzi yophahla kunye neemfuno: uphahla lolona khuselo luphezulu lwendlu, oluhlanganiswe nophahla kunye nesakhiwo esixhasayo.Umsebenzi wokuvala uphahla kukuthintela ukuhlasela kwemvula yendalo, ikhephu kunye nesanti yomoya kunye nefuthe lemitha yelanga.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphinda ithathe umthwalo ovela phezulu kwephahla, kubandakanywa nomoya kunye nekhephu, ubunzima bophahla kunye nobunzima bezinto ezinokwenzeka kunye nabantu, kwaye udlulisele kwiindonga.Ngoko ke, imfuno yophahla yomelele kwaye iqinile, ekubeni ukukhanya okubalulekileyo, kunye nokungangeni kwamanzi, umlilo, ukugcinwa kobushushu kunye nokusebenza kokushisa ubushushu.Ngexesha elifanayo, iimfuno zamacandelo alula, ukwakhiwa okufanelekileyo, kwaye kunokudibaniswa nesakhiwo, ngokubonakala kakuhle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-17-2022