Amakhaya asele emiselwe, adla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamakhaya asele enziwe ngaphambili okanye i-prefabs, ziintlobo zokuhlala zeengcali zesakhiwo esenziwe kwangaphambili, esenziwa ngaphandle kwendawo kwangethuba, ngokwesiqhelo kumacandelo asemgangathweni anokuthunyelwa ngokulula kwaye adityaniswe.Olunye uyilo lwangoku lwasekhaya lwe-prefab lubandakanya iinkcukacha zezakhiwo eziphefumlelwe yi-postmodernism okanye i-futurist architecture.
Izindlu zebhunga ezingahlali mntu eSeacroft, Leeds, UK
“Eyakhiwe kwangaphambili” inokubhekisa kwizakhiwo ezakhiwe ngokweenxalenye (umz. iiphaneli), iimodyuli (izindlu zeemodyuli) okanye amacandelo aphathekayo (amakhaya enziweyo), kwaye isenokusetyenziswa ukubhekisa kumakhaya ahambayo, okt, izindlu ezinamavili.Nangona ziyafana, iindlela kunye noyilo lwezi zintathu zihluka kakhulu.Kukho imigangatho emibini yezicwangciso zamakhaya, kunye nezicwangciso zekhaya lesiqhelo.Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwiindidi zokwakha.E-US, izindlu eziphathwayo kunye neemveliso zakhiwe ngokuhambelana neekhowudi zokwakha ze-HUD, ngelixa izindlu zemodyuli zakhiwe ngokuhambelana ne-IRC (iKhowudi yokuHlala yamazwe ngamazwe).
Amakhaya eemodyuli adalwe ngokwamacandelo, aze athuthelwe kwisiza sasekhaya ukuze kwakhiwe kunye nokufakwa.Nangona amacandelo endlu enziwe ngaphambili, amacandelo, okanye iimodyuli, zidityaniswe ekwakhiweni njengekhaya eliqhelekileyo.
Amakhaya akhiweyo akhiwe phezu kwemiqadi yentsimbi, kwaye ahanjiswa ngokwamacandelo apheleleyo kwisiza sasekhaya, apho adityaniswa khona.Amavili, i-hitch kunye ne-axles zisuswa kwisiza xa ikhaya libekwe kwisiseko esisisigxina.
Amakhaya ahambayo, okanye iinqwelwana, zakhiwe ngamavili, kwaye zinokutsalwa ngesithuthi.Zijongwa njengezomntu, kwaye zinikwe ilayisenisi liSebe leZithuthi.[catation] Amakhaya amancinane anamavili aqukiwe kolu didi.Kufuneka bakhelwe kwikhowudi yeDMV, kwaye baphumelele uhlolo lokufumana ilayisenisi.[icatshulwa]
Imbali
"Loren" Iron House, eOld Gippstown eMoe, eOstreliya
Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwesakhiwo esakhiweyo kwakukho kwi-1160 ukuya kwi-1170 nguWace njengoko kuqinisekiswa nguPierre Bouet.Kuhlelo olukhethekileyo lukaMeyi/Juni 2015 lwemagazini yesiFrentshi, iHistoria, wathetha ngenqaba eyathuthwa ngamaNorman ngendlela 'yekiti'.[cating] Ngokuka Bouet, umbongo odumileyo kaWace othi Roman de Rou, iivesi 6,516–6,526, zithi: “Bakhupha imiqadi yeenkuni enqanaweni baza bayirhuqela emhlabeni.Emva koko i-Count (Earl) eyabazisa, (imiqadi) sele ihlatywe kwaye icwangcisiwe, iqingqwe kwaye ihlanjululwe, izikhonkwane (iiplagi eziluhlaza / iidoli) sele zilungisiwe kwaye zithuthwa kwimibhobho, yakha inqaba, yayine-moat egrunjwe ngeenxa zonke kwaye ngaloo ndlela wakha inqaba enkulu ebusuku.”
Izakhiwo ezishukumayo zasetyenziswa ngenkulungwane ye-16 eIndiya nguMlawuli uAkbar Omkhulu.Ezi zakhiwo zaxelwa ngu-Arif Qandahari ngo-1579.
EUnited States, iinkampani ezininzi eziquka iSears Catalog Homes zaqala ukubonelela ngeposi-odolo yamakhaya phakathi ko-1902 no-1910.ILabhoratri yeeMveliso zeHlathi, icandelo leNkonzo yeHlathi yase-US, ibeke uphando olubanzi kumakhaya asele enziwe ngeminyaka yoo-1930, kuquka nokwakha i-1935 Madison Home Show [3].Olu phando lwaqhubeka ukuya kutsho ngoo-1960.
Ngowe-1958, malunga ne-10 ekhulwini lezindlu ezitsha eUnited States zazisele zilungisiwe.[4]
Imveliso yasekhaya yangoku
Ikhaya leNdawo yokuHlala yaseStillwater
Umzekelo wendlu esele igqityiwe ukwakhiwa eLake Whatcom, eUnited States.
Okwangoku, ishishini lolwakhiwo lwezindlu olwahlulwe ngokweendlela zokwakha.Iphaneli, iModyuli, kunye noyilo lwekhaya olwenziwayo lwenza uninzi lweefemu zangoku, kunye nokudibana okukhulu phakathi kweendlela zokwakha.
Amakhaya anepaneli
Amakhaya anepaneli (ekwabizwa ngokuba ziindlu ezakhiweyo), akha amacandelo ezakhiwo, okanye “iiphaneli”, zendlu (endonga, uphahla kunye neenkqubo zomgangatho) kumzi-mveliso ongaphandle kwesiza apho iiphaneli zisikwa ngeesarha ezizenzekelayo amashiti amaplanga amakhulu, avumela inkunkuma ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa nolwakhiwo olwakhiwe kwindawo.[6]Ukulandela ukusika kunye nokubunjwa kwazo, iiphaneli ziyapakishwa kwaye zisiwe kwindawo yokusebenzela apho ikhaya lidityaniswe ngamaqhekezana ngendlela efanayo nekhaya elakhiwe kwindawo yemveli.
Amakhaya anephaneli ngokubanzi ajongwa njengendawo ephakathi phakathi kwekhaya elakhelwe isiza sesintu kunye nezangaphambili ezenziweyo, kunye nokuguquguquka kokwakhiwa kwesiza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-prefab.[7]
amantla Emelika
eunited States
Isabelo semarike esipheleleyo sezindlu ezingeyondawo ezakhiweyo zosapho olunye (imodyuli kunye nephaneli) yayikwi-3% yosapho olunye olugqityiweyo ngo-2020, ngokutsho kweCensus Bureau Survey yedatha yoKwakha kunye nohlalutyo lwe-NAHB.[8]Esi sabelo kulindeleke ukuba sinyuke ngokuphakathi ngo-2021.
IYurophu
I icon yeglobhu.
Imizekelo kunye neembono kweli candelo zithetha ngokuyintloko nge-United Kingdom kwaye ayimeli imbono yehlabathi jikelele ngalo mbandela.Ungaliphucula eli candelo, uxoxe ngombandela kwiphepha lentetho, okanye wenze icandelo elitsha, ngokufanelekileyo.(Julayi 2019) (Funda ukuba ungawususa njani kwaye nini lo myalezo wetemplate)
EUnited Kingdom, ngaphezu kwe-156,000 amakhaya asele esungulwe akhiwa phakathi kowe-1945 nowe-1948.[9]
Ngeminyaka yee-1940 umyili ongumFrentshi uJean Prouvé wayila indlu ene-aluminiyam eyakhiwe kwangaphambili, iMaison Tropicale, ukuze isetyenziswe eAfrika.[10]
Emva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yesiBini ukuya kutsho ngo-1948, iSell-Fertighaus GmbH yakha ngaphezulu kwe-5,000 yezindlu ezenziwe ngaphambili eJamani ukuze zithathe indawo yase-United States.
I-Huf Haus eyenziwe ngamaJamani kufuphi ne-West Linton, eSkotlani.
Akukho mgangatho wezindlu we-pan-EU wolu hlobo lolwakhiwo lwezindlu, kwaye ummiselo ukwinqanaba likazwelonke.Izikhokelo ze-EU ezisebenza kulwakhiwo lwezindlu kunye noyilo aluchaphazeli ngokuthe ngqo icandelo leemodyuli zasekhaya.
Izikumkani Ezimanyene
Inqaku eliphambili: Prefabs eUnited Kingdom
Indlu eyakhiwe ngaphambili yeNgesi emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, edityaniswa nepropathi efanayo eyakhiwe ngezitena.
EUnited Kingdom, igama elithi "prefab" lihlala linxulunyaniswa nohlobo oluthile lwendlu eyakhiwe ngaphambili eyakhiwe ngamanani amakhulu emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, [11] njengezindlu zase-Airey, njengokutshintshwa okwethutyana kwezindlu ezitshatyalaliswe ziibhombu. , ngakumbi eLondon.
Phezu kwayo nje injongo yokuba ezi zindlu zibe zezokwexeshana, ezininzi zahlala zinabantu kangangeminyaka kwanamashumi eminyaka emva kokuphela kwemfazwe.Inani elincinane lisasetyenziswa kule nkulungwane yama-21, kodwa liyanda ngakumbi elidilizwayo.Ngo-2011 kwabhengezwa ukuba eyona ndawo inkulu yaseBritani eseleyo kumakhaya ayi-187 eLewisham, kuMazantsi-mpuma weLondon, iza kwakhiwa ngokutsha ngaphandle kwamakhaya amathandathu.[12]
Iiprefabs nazo zakhiwa kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala njengezindlu ezisahlala eAustin Village, eBirmingham.
Ukuphindwa kwamva nje kombono luphuhliso lwamagumbi angama-36 abizwa ngokuba yi-y: ityhubhu eyenziwe yi-YMCA eMitcham, eMazantsi eLondon[13] Ilke Homes eKnaresborough yakha izindlu ezi-2 kunye nezi-3 zokulala 'eziyimodyuli' ezinokwakhiwa kwiiyure ezingama-36. 14]
EOstreliya naseAsia
Ngo-2010, i-Bali yathumela ngaphandle kwezindlu ezingama-98,417, kodwa ngo-2011 lo mmandla wathumela ngaphandle kuphela iiyunithi ezingama-5,007 ngenxa yokudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi oluchaphazele inani leendawo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.Ezi zindlu ze-Balinese prefab zaziwa kakhulu ngoyilo lwazo lobugcisa kunye nexabiso elibonakalayo.[15]
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-08-2022